Erigha (2015) finds that despite overall trends towards diversification, blockbuster movies have seen a decrease in female protagonists.
Lindner, Lindquist, and Arnold (2015) assess that the trend has worsened since the early 2000s.
January 10, 2023
Erigha (2015) finds that despite overall trends towards diversification, blockbuster movies have seen a decrease in female protagonists.
Lindner, Lindquist, and Arnold (2015) assess that the trend has worsened since the early 2000s.
\[ \begin{aligned} ln(Budget_i) &= \beta_0 + \beta_1Time + \beta_2Gender_i + e_i \\ Budget_i &= e^{\beta_0 + \beta_1Time + \beta_2Gender_i + e_i} \end{aligned} \]
# the code fits a regression line per group reg <- lm(budget_log ~ year_1980 * gender_main_chr, data=data)
## ## Call: ## lm(formula = budget_log ~ year_1980 * gender_main_chr, data = data) ## ## Residuals: ## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max ## -6.1635 -0.5098 0.0843 0.6757 2.3035 ## ## Coefficients: ## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) ## (Intercept) 16.42179 0.05477 299.844 < 2e-16 *** ## year_1980 0.33910 0.02381 14.244 < 2e-16 *** ## gender_main_chr -0.05272 0.11573 -0.456 0.64878 ## year_1980:gender_main_chr -0.14885 0.04680 -3.180 0.00149 ** ## --- ## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 ## ## Residual standard error: 0.9939 on 2120 degrees of freedom ## Multiple R-squared: 0.111, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1098 ## F-statistic: 88.27 on 3 and 2120 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
Figure 1: Increase in Movie Production Budgets over Time by Gender (interactive view)
Erigha, Maryann. 2015. “Race, Gender, Hollywood: Representation in Cultural Production and Digital Media’s Potential for Change.” Sociology Compass 9 (1): 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12237.
Lindner, Andrew M., Melissa Lindquist, and Julie Arnold. 2015. “Million Dollar Maybe? The Effect of Female Presence in Movies on Box Office Returns.” Sociological Inquiry 85 (3): 407–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12081.